The History of the Corset Essay -- History Women Feminism

Since the beginning, a person’s financial and social status could be appeared through what garments they wore. In antiquated Egypt, an individual of high society was allowed by law to wear shoes on the cruel, desert floor. As a result of these laws, female-keeping standards emerged. For instance, the Greeks and Romans controlled the sort, shading, and number of underpants worn by ladies and the sort of texture dã ©cor utilized on them. The middle turned into the chiseling square of female excellence. This was the start of the bodice, a controlling, basic thing in the women’s clothing through the nineteenth century. During the Renaissance time frame, the bodice took after a cone, as it was little at the abdomen and inspiring at the chest. It reached out from the underarm to simply underneath the midriff. The run of the mill female’s girdle was made firm with metal or wood. Once more, a lady of higher affordable or social standing would have one made exceptional with whalebone. During this time and through the Romantic time frame, a lady was embarrassed in the event that she was discovered missing of an undergarment or her abdomen size was not little enough. At that period in time, a 15 to 18 inch abdomen was satisfactory. Anything surpassing those estimations was believed to be ludicrous. In this manner, limiting girdles were the standard and regularly brought about physical distortions. For instance, rib confines were regularly broken or became distorted because of choking undergarments. The bodice was discovered inflexible and packing during the 1700s. Mid 1800s brought some illuminating change: Mantua dresses were m...

Are Genetic Explanations of ADHD faulty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Are Genetic Explanations of ADHD defective - Essay Example tatistical Manual of Mental Disorders - IV-TR characterizes ADHD as a formative issue that happens in youth, perpetually before the age of seven, and is described by â€Å"developmentally unseemly degrees of negligence and additionally hyperactive-hasty behavior†, which makes disability at least one than one of significant life exercises, similar to family, peer, instructive, word related, social or adpative funtioning. This absence of a solitary adequate definition gives sign of the division of the translation of the proof accessible on ADHD, and is worthy as information. Kids with ADHD show negligence, imprudent conduct, and anxiety. They think that its hard to keep up consideration specifically to exercises that don't interest them or is non-fulfilling. This conduct is regularly joined with the issue of reacting to interruptions that make it hard to concentrate on main jobs. Grown-ups with ADHD frequently experience issues with time the board, hesitation, association, chance taking, reckless conduct, and distractible and indiscreet conduct, which prompts poor organizing of their lives, and failure to design and execute complex every day assignments. (Consideration shortage hyperactivity issue). The first way where kids with ADHD was taken a gander at was to regard them as youngsters with learning troubles, and that furnish them with a specialized curriculum as a way to make them good. In this manner making it basically an issue of sustain. Present day analysts will in general inquiry this comprehension of ADHD, and have brought another point of view of ADHD from the nature edge, as an organic or neurochemical issue, as a clarification for ADHD. Backing for this originates from clinicians, who accept that the psyche and body are more firmly interweaved than was before accepted, and that the body could cause issues of the brain. These convictions are established or the discoveries that Downs disorder and disease could have a hereditary premise.

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Intrigue Your Reader with a Bit of Mystery

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Intrigue Your Reader with a Bit of Mystery High school students are often taught that they must begin an essay with an introduction that outlines all the issues that will addressed in the rest of the text. We have found that offering such comprehensive introductions is not, however, very effective for MBA application essays. These sorts of openings leave little to no mystery for the body of the essay, which means the reader could easily lose interest. The following paragraph, which is an introduction to an application essay on ones “impact on a group and what he/she learned from the experience,” is basically a series of stylistic errorsâ€"one of the most egregious of which is eliminating the mystery by frontloading with too much information: “My most crucial task this past year was managing a project in collaboration with Oracle to develop a $10.5M integrated database system for large clothing retailers. I led a 26-member team from my firm, ABC Technology, and Oracle to establish the design, monitor the systems and train new members to manage the completed project. I also evaluated security risks, managed budgetary needs and developed quality assurance testing plans to meet Oracle and retailer specifications. I faced many challenges while working with culturally and geographically diverse teams, but I overcame these challenges through unique team-building exercises and my own effective leadership, and we completed the project on time.” In this poorly written paragraph, the reader does not receive merely an introduction to the significant issues, but rather an abbreviated version of the entire story. By the end of this paragraph, the reader knows not only what all of the technical and human resource issues were but also that they were ultimately overcome and that the project was delivered on time. What is left for the reader to discover? Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips

A General Comparison between the Senate of Ancient Rome...

A General Comparison between the Senate of Ancient Rome and the Senate of the United States Research Class 16th August 2012 Outline I. Introduction Thesis statement: It is known to most that Western countries are on the rule of parliamentary democracy. We also know that Western countries inherited their political system from the ancient Greeks and Romans, especially the Roman political system. It has shaped western parliamentary system more than any others. However, different parliamentary systems have their specific characteristics. Has shaped from what it was in Ancient Rome to that we see today. This paper will compare and contrast the Ancient Roman Senate to today Modern†¦show more content†¦The social connection provided the required political foundation for the Senate. The Ancient Roman civilization started the Roman Kingdom, not the Roman Republic. This Kingdom was totally different from the later Monarchy in the history of the Middle Ages, because the system did not have an inherited King. The increasing powerful aristocracy, wealthy landowners and trade merchants who dominated Rome’s social and polit ical scene had organized themselves into a council of elders known as the Roman Senate. The senate had privilege to select who the next King would be (Pearson 19). The King and the Senate had a cooperating relationship until 509 BC. In that year, the last King, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, also known as Tarquin the Proud, was a tyrant who was overthrown by the city-state’s nobles. He succeeded to the throne because he assassinated the former King. So he was the King without the Senate’s approval. During the same year, the city of Rome became a republic. At the beginning of the Republic, the might of the Senate was very weak and powerless, because of the might of the two magistrates. A magistrate was a kind of officer who served as the leader of Ancient Rome and Greeks, and who was elected by citizens who lived in the cities. Not only did the two magistrates share the leading position in the city-state, but they also had powerful might over the Senators. â€Å"Since the transition from monarchy to constitutionalShow MoreRelatedA Breif History of Rome1051 Words   |  4 PagesRome is a fascinating place to visit. The ancient history is very interesting to many people. Rome also has a new world that appeals to visitors. Many people go to visit Rome each year. Rome today has a population of 3,351,000 people. It is located 41degrees 54’N 12 degrees 30’E. It has an elevation 20m (70ft).Rome is located mid-way down the boot along the Tiber River and lies west of the Apennine Mountains. It is called the seven hills city because there are some hills that are part of a volcanicRead MoreThe War Of Great Britain2311 Words   |  10 PagesThe United States had only been free from Great Britain’s rule for a little more than a decade, so the anti-federalists feared our government was going to follow the form similar to that under the King of Great Britain. The Federalist papers were written in the late 1780’s with the attempt t o gain supporters on pursuing the ratification of the US Constitution. In the 85 essays authors Hamilton, Madison, and John Jay voiced their objections, they the new plan would impinge upon the liberty and rightsRead MoreTo What Extent Was The Economy Responsible For Rome s Decline?3483 Words   |  14 PagesRome was an ancient civilization so mighty its influence is still felt today. Rome was able to conquer much of the land around the Mediterranean. They were a people with advancements not seen during the time, introducing forms of science and war that are still seen today (Andrews)1. This society lasted for over 1,000 years, leaving its mark on the world for years to come. How could it be that this mighty civilization came to fall? The decline of a Rome is an often-debated topic due to the many factorsRead MoreItaly - Research Paper10557 Words   |  43 Pagesdrive out foreign rule. The state of Italy was formed following the Italian unification movement, known as Risorgiment o. Italy installed their first Parliament and declared the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. (Killinger, 2002) In 1922, Benito Mussolini created the first Fascist regime in history. Mussolini later established the Lateran Pact of 1929 with Pope Pius XI, which recognized the Catholic religion as the ‘sole religion of the state’ and the Vatican as an independent state. Italy entered World WarRead MoreHemp Cultivation in China42289 Words   |  170 PagesDistrict of Shandong Province in the People s Republic of China, and investigates the cultivation and processing techniques currently being employed to produce hemp ribbon and hemp seed. Recent production levels and market conditions are reviewed. Comparisons with Hungarian hemp cultivation and processing, being representative of Western hemp production, are provided where appropriate. Wild types and escaped plants are also described. Dedicated to the advancement of Cannabis, through the disseminationRead MoreComparative Study of Pakistan Chinese Cultures13385 Words   |  54 Pagesideology, ethics and living styles are compared with some examples and details. The architecture, food, arts and crafts, religion, education and festivals are elaborated in write detail to get the list of both cultures and to figure out the difference between two friendly boarder countries. It has been found that both courtiers have different religion ideologies and living styles but both share the same shades of love, harmony and respect for the elders. School of Management Northwestern PolytechnicalRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesCompanies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on recycled, acid-free paper containing 10% postconsumer waste. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 QDB/QDB 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978-0-07-811257-7 MHID 0-07-811257-5 Vice President Editor-in-Chief: Brent Gordon Vice President, EDP/CentralRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesupdated: April 26, 2016 Logical Reasoning Bradley H. Dowden Philosophy Department California State University Sacramento Sacramento, CA 95819 USA ii iii Preface Copyright  © 2011-14 by Bradley H. Dowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions:Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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These variables themselves change over time because prevailing economic institutions affect the distribution of resources, and because groups with de facto political power today strive to change political institutions in order to increase

Theme Of Heroism In To Kill A Mockingbird - 743 Words

No hero is made without experiencing pain. For Tom Robinson in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, this pain is being accused of a crime that he did not commit. In the 1930’s, the time period in which the Bildungsroman classic is set, the severe discrimination he faces is accepted and even encouraged. This appalling reality was a daily struggle for the African Americans living in the small Alabama town. As a minority in Maycomb, Tom is a great example of unexpected heroism due to the intense race relationships, the collective standards of honor, and the traditional community. The race relationships, a common barrier in the South, had a substantial influence on how Tom lived. Discrimination was simply a way of life, for it was considered†¦show more content†¦Tom, however, out of the compassion of his heart, made a risky decision to help Mayella Ewell. In the court trial, Tom is asked, â€Å"‘Why were you so anxious to do that’s woman’s chores?’†(263); the very thought of a black man assisting a white woman in some minor chores brought discomfort to the close-minded. Tom breaks the community’s rules of separation, to selflessly help somebody else, while at the same time, getting himself into an intimidating position for a black man. In one of his arguments, Tom explains how he never accepted any payment from Mayella, for he knew her economic status was low (256). His charity is heroic, but in a town like Maycomb, it is unacceptable. Without the community, a crucial element of southern literature, Tom never w ould have been a hero. In actuality, the order that was present was the perfect environment for Tom to create chaos as an unlikely hero. The honor code was important to developing him, but it was Maycomb itself that really enforced it. The social norms of racism create a tight confinement: â€Å"‘There’s been some high talk around town to the effect that I shouldn’t be defending this man’† (100). Atticus, the lawyer who defends Tom, speaks to the influence of the community and how controlling the town’s opinions were. Additionally, he talks of society’s many do’s and don’t’s. Its restrictions were harsh, and not following what was expected of you was consideredShow MoreRelatedTo Kill A Mockingbird Character Analysis1244 Words   |  5 PagesWas Atticus Finch was the true hero of To Kill A Mockingbird? Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird narrates the journey of Scout Finch from an immature, feisty, close mind ed young girl, to a strong, brave and courageous girl that now knows the truth about Boo Radley the towns ‘freak’. Boo Radley is middle aged man who is known as a creep but by the end of the novel they realise that he is a nice man. Scout is the daughter of Maycombs brave and courageous lawyer, Atticus Finch who defends Tom RobinsonRead MoreMajor Themes in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee989 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb, Alabama in 1903. This novel is basically a coming of age story for a young girl named Scout and her older brother named Jem. Who grows up in a time where racism is normal. They soon learn to stand up for what is right, just like their dad, Atticus. The Coexistence of Good and Evil The most important theme of To Kill a Mockingbird is the Coexistence of good and evil. The novel approaches this theme in many ways throughoutRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Character Analysis721 Words   |  3 PagesLuke Netherton Mr. Humphrey class 6th Period English ll December 21 To Kill a Mockingbird is written by Harper Lee. It is the story of a black man’s struggle for justice. The protagonists Atticus Finch and his daughter Scout and other characters such as Tom Robinson and Bob Ewell, the author reveals her themes showing the evils of racism and the need in humans for respect. heroism is found in this novel, characters who show both physical and moral courage. Three characters to start areRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1547 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† is a classic piece of American literature written by Harper Lee. She illustrates a theme of the intolerance of prejudice and the quick judgments of others. The book takes the reader back to the 1930’s in a small town known as Maycomb. Harper Lee chose to give the reader an innocent, pure view of the different situations in the book through the eyes of a young girl named Jean Louise Finch who is also known as Scout. To Kill a Mockingbird is a pleasurable read for people ofRead MoreRacism In America Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pagesinspired Harper Lee to begin writing. the perfect time for Harper Lee’s internationally acclaimed novel; To Kill A Mockingbird to be released. Unlike laws, novels have the power to change attitudes. Few novels have had such a sustained impact on society’s views of education, identity and racism. The novel has sparked international debates, at its time of release. In 1960, when To Kill a Mockingbird was published, much of white America viewed the coming together of the races as immoral, dangerous, andRead MoreRacism In To Kill A Mockingbird1570 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen victims of racism and segregation based upon their color. In recent history, the struggle to achieve equality and eradicate racism in the United States has been an ongoing battle since the late 1800’s. In Harper Lee s classic novel To Kill a Mockingbird, Lee uses her own experience and draws from events during her childhood to bring to expose racism against African Americans in the south. The Jim Crow Laws, the Plessy versus Ferguson case, other cases that followed, and authors like HarperRead MoreCourage in to Kill a Mockingbird1591 Words   |  7 PagesWhat kinds of heroism and courage are shown in To Kill a Mockingbird? Discuss. Courage is defined as the quality of mind or spirit enabling one to meet danger or opposition with fearlessness. According to Atticus Finch, one of the main characters in To Kill a Mockingbird, Courage is when you know youre licked before you begin, but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. (pg.121). Harper Lee clearly portrays the theme of courage in her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird. One likes toRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1910 Words   |  8 Pages To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author s observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor, despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality. The narratorRead MoreThe Mockingbirds in To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee Essay1989 Words   |  8 PagesWalt Whitman’s 1859 poem â€Å"Out of the Cradle Rocking Endlessly† depicts the mockingbird as a symbol of innocence that chants or sings of fond memories from the past. By contrast, Harper Lee’s famous novel To Kill a Mockingbird, published in 1960, written almost a century after Whitman’s poem, portrays the mockingbird as innocent but as a fragile creature with horrific memories – memories of discrimination, isolation, and violence. Harper Lee wrote her novel, which is rooted in the fictional townRead MoreThe Thematic Struggle Between Society And Self3929 Words   |  16 Pagescode—boundaries that are at times threatening to collapse, that are threatened by circumstances and community members.† (Johnson 31) Praised by Chicago Tribune as being â€Å"a novel of strong contemporary national significance† , Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird presents an unforgettable story about a sleepy, traditional town and the larger evils that threaten the very foundation on which it was built. Racism, prejudice and class struggles are brought to light as the curious Scout Finch depicts the

Guns in Schools - 855 Words

Imagine a world where school shootings did not exist. Parents could send their children to school without having to worry about them being shot. In 2013, thirty school shootings took place in the United States. The most devastating school shooting in U.S. history was the Bath School shooting. On May 18, 1927, Andrew Kehoe entered the Bath Elementary School killing thirty-eight people and injuring fifty-eight. Kehoe then returned to his truck, and committed suicide by using explosives. School teachers would have a better chance, in high risk situations if they carried guns. Some are afraid that by placing guns in school zones, more deaths and homicides will occur. That by giving administrators guns the chance of a shooting will increase tremendously, but the truth is by not placing guns on school property, we are increasing the chance of having our children and loved ones being shot. By allowing our administrators to carry guns in schools, we decrease the chance of someone walking into that school and possibly injuring or killing our students and teachers. The Superintendent David Hopkins of the Arkansas district stated â€Å" The plan we’ve been given in the past is ‘Well, lock your doors, turn off your lights and hope for the best’ That’s not a plan†(â€Å"Guns in School† #2). Locking the doors and hoping for the best is not the best way to protect the students and teachers. Arming a number of administrators and allowing them to protect themselves and students is the best way to beShow MoreRelatedGuns in School s2018 Words   |  9 PagesGuns in Schools With the number of mass school shootings and incidents of violence in schools that have been reported since April 20, 1999; the public is crying out for stricter laws to help protect our children. In direct response to the Columbine High School shooting, schools across the country adopted a variety of â€Å"safety† measures that included mandatory uniforms to prevent the wearing of gang colors and allowing faculty to more readily identify intruders, installation of metalRead MoreShould School Guns Be Banned?1638 Words   |  7 Pageswhether or not teachers should be allowed to carry guns in school is very heated and continues to dilemma the minds of many. However, both the supportive and opposing parties have good grounds that can be used to choose. Recently in the year 2012, 26 people in elementary school in Texas were shot dead triggering public demand that teachers should be armed with guns in order to protect our students. A local resident of the area around the el ementary school opened fire on 20 students and 6 staff beforeRead MorePros And Cons Of Guns In Schools848 Words   |  4 PagesIs There Support to Arm Teachers in Schools? Introduction Discussing a license to carry in an educational setting cause you to thoroughly look at a the situation from both stand points. Initially one may think absolutely not but, then some may argue that it is a moral idea. In our society guns are very popular, due to gun violence, illegal sales, and proper sales of guns in communities. When adding guns to the school environment, this cause even more stress upon faculty, staff, students, and especiallyRead MoreGun Control And School Safety1983 Words   |  8 PagesGuns in the Classroom Destiny Casey Student ID# 000410720 WGU â€Æ' Guns in the Classroom Allowing teachers to carry guns will allow teachers to prevent school shootings on the grounds of preschool through college campuses. Everyone has their own opinion about teachers being able to carry guns including other teachers, parents, and government officials. Depending on what state the teacher is teaching in determines if they can carry their gun now, if they are in the process of being able to, or ifRead MoreGuns in High School: For the Betterment of All1709 Words   |  7 Pagesof gun control laws. The first places to come to mind would be Montana or Colorado, because of the more rural connotations those places have been given in the popular media outlets such as movies, magazines, and television. Montana is depicted as a state where there are large sweeping plains and horse ranches over every horizon, while Colorado is a land of mountains and forests with a very small amount of urban invasion. This argument however comes out of Brooklyn, from a Midwood High School newspape rRead More School Shootings and Gun Laws Essay935 Words   |  4 Pages Imagine your child was nearing high school graduation with their whole life ahead of them. Next year, they will be going to college and you will see them bloom into the wonderful person you know they are. Now imagine the horror of hearing that your child had been shot and killed while they were at school. It is difficult to fathom the enormous amount of grief and anger that would flood the body of a person in a situation like this. No one should have to endure such pain. Now imagine how muchRead MoreEssay about Gun Control Schools3447 Words   |  14 PagesIf you recently picked up a newspaper or turned on to see the news you may have question what is happening in our schools and begin to think whether our schools are still safe places for children. Recent school shootings have set feared in many parents about their childrens safety in our schools. Since last year number of school shootings by students h ave occurred regularly. On Tuesday February 29, 2000 in Mount Morris Township, Michigan a six-year old boy shot his classmate to death in their firstRead MoreGun Free School Zone Essays1805 Words   |  8 Pages(senior), arrived at Edison high School in San Antonio, Texas, carrying on his person a concealed .38 caliber handgun and five bullets. Acting on an anonymous tip, the school authorities confronted Alfonzo, who readily admitted to having the weapon. He was arrested and charged under Texas law with firearm possession on school property. The next day the state charges were dropped and federal agents charged Alfonzo with federal charges of violating the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990. The questionRead MoreImplementing Gun Safety On School Classrooms2429 Words   |  10 Pages2014 Implementing Gun Safety in School Classrooms Nine year old Aaron Schmitt had been rummaging around in his dad’s closet and found a shiny new toy. He was enthralled with his find. As he felt the cold metal in his hand, he thought of the fun he could have playing a game of cops and robbers. Aaron spun the gun around in his hand wanting to show it to his friends. He knew he should ask for permission from his parents to take the gun but he figured his dad would never realize the gun was missing. HeRead MoreEssay on Should Teachers Carry a Gun to School?1236 Words   |  5 PagesHow People’s Opinions of Teacher’s Carrying Guns During School Can Be Grouped By Age, Gender, and Race Do you believe that people have a unique personal opinion that nobody else has? Well, research has shown that personal opinion can be grouped by age, gender and race, but some of this research does not show through in the highly debated topic, should teachers carry guns during school hours. Age Groups One of the ways people’s opinions can be grouped together is by age. According to â€Å"Factors

Developing Leading and Managing People Leadership

Question: Discuss about the Developing Leading and Managing People Leadership. Answer: Introduction: The characteristics of Gandhis leadership included self-confidence, influence, inspiration, developing others and achievement. He was the first to introduce non-violence, satyaghraha and consider achieving independence from the British rule. He never supported hatred and took all the blame for the mistakes on himself. Merkel, on the other hand depicted strong moral and ethical values and beliefs. She went against her own party to help the population of Germany, thereby encouraging moral and humanity. Furthermore, Thatcher was a moral, ethical leader and manager who had the qualities such as concern, openness, and integrity. She respected the views and opinion of people and gave them importance. It can be thus opined that Gandhi and Thatcher had some similarities in their ethical leadership. Evolution of leadership Being a transformational leader, Gandhi led the people by example. He united the people to work towards a particular goal. His characteristic regarding uniting people and leading them shows the practice of transformational leadership. The leadership of Merkel was influenced from the political environment under which she grew up. The failure in the academic life gave her opportunity to enter into the career of politics (Matthijs 2016, p.142). Thatcher also adopted transformational leadership and gained power from dedicated study and passionate delivery. She utilized power using logic and guilt into service. Multicultural leadership Gandhi practiced non-violence and fasting and was imprisoned a number of times. He never connected with the government or international organisation. As a multicultural leader, Merkel strengthened the relationship between USA and German after Iraq war. Psychology of leadership Gandhi started satyagraha and ahimsa with the avocation of self-reliance to achieve independence. He believed in equality of people and discouraged racial discrimination. Merkel dominated the German politics as an uncharismatic leader. She supported her rival parties for the welfare of the economy. Thatcher in contradictory was dominant and took up critical questions as acquisition. Thatcher never differentiated between men and women. She prioritized her own culture and other cultures. She became a conservative leader and went against the elaborate a Euro sceptical package that prioritized sovereignty-based populism over both technocratic liberalism and co-operative pragmatism (Fontana and Parsons 2015, p.93). Leadership theories All the characteristics of transformational leadership were there in Gandhi. He welcomed new ideas and opinions and suggested his supporters in the campaigns. Merkel however is participating, directive and achievement oriented and thus follows directive and participative leadership. Thatcher was the sole decision maker and pursued autocratic leadership. Her leadership style gave way to many reforms in Britain. Discussion on effective leader Mahatma Gandhi can be considered as an effective leader as he influenced and inspired others. He helped India to gain independence by implementing ahimsa and satyagraha. With the transformational leadership, and great ideals he contributed to the development of India as a nation. References Fontana, C. and Parsons, C., 2015. One Woman's Prejudice: Did Margaret Thatcher Cause Britain's Anti?Europeanism?.JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies,53(1), pp.89-105. [Accessed from https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/43029152/Fontana___Parsons_2015.Thatcher__Britain_and_Europe.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJ56TQJRTWSMTNPEAExpires=1483605289Signature=JBYBqSWhA9SyLTmhy11GCISRkdk%3Dresponse-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DOne_Womans_Prejudice_Did_Margaret_Thatc.pdf] Matthijs, M., 2016. The Three Faces of German Leadership.Survival,58(2), pp.135-154. [Accessed from https://euroscope.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/The-Three-Faces-of-German-Leadership.pdf]

A Thesis Statement on the novel Candide by Voltaire Essay Essay Example

A Thesis Statement on the novel Candide by Voltaire Essay Paper Not everything is all for the best. The novelCandideby Voltaire delved into the wretchednesss of work forces. political relations and faith where every unfortunate event that happens to the person is to be accepted since it is all for the best. Many times in the novel. Candide’s esteemed professor. Pangloss remarked that â€Å"Everything is all for the best† . For his portion. Voltaire seems to be oppugning the construct of fatalism. Fatalism is the position that persons are powerless to make anything other that what we really do. It seems dry that Candide remains optimistic despite all that he had experienced ; the ostracism from the palace. the whipping by the soldiers and the sinking of the ship. We will write a custom essay sample on A Thesis Statement on the novel Candide by Voltaire Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Thesis Statement on the novel Candide by Voltaire Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Thesis Statement on the novel Candide by Voltaire Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer All these events would hold made a weaker adult male autumn on his articulatio genuss and cuss the celestial spheres ; but non Candide. After all. everything is for the best. Nevertheless. Candide retains his good will. generousness and ironically. his optimism. The construct of fatalism is taking the easy manner out. There are many cases where Candide could hold avoided such unfortunate fortunes ; like losing his sheep every bit good as his hoarded wealth. Not merely that. he squandered his staying hoarded wealth to unworthy persons. Another case was when Candide was flogged. He simply accepted it. He was believing along the lines that everything is all for the best. But to believe about it. how unfair is it to be lashed a 1000 times for being misunderstood as deserting. In some manner. Voltaire was knocking citizens who could accept the unfair and irrational determinations of their authorities. In connexion with the thought of fatalism is the construct of free will. If worlds were given the gift of free will. so the thought that everything is all for the best would be inconsistent. A individual who has free will would be capable of determining his or her ain fate. In stead of this. Candide should be able to alter the events that weren’t say to go on to him or if they did go on. so the consequence would non hold been so black or it could hold at least been minimized. One illustration had been where Candide stabbed the Baron. Cunegonde’s brother. He could hold restrained himself and could hold conducted an unwritten statement alternatively. What Candide did was roseola and unwise that it was no surprise that it would stop disastrously. Today. a individual is expected to move and talk tactfully. There would be chaos if everyone wanted to hold their ain manner. Another illustration was when Candide and his comrade were about eaten by the Oreillons but were saved because he killed a Jesuit. Cunegonde’s brother. the Baron. In this clip. Candide thanked his good luck for killing a Jesuit to avoid being eaten. It should hold crossed his head that if he had non stabbed the Baron. so they would hold non been in that state of affairs in the first topographic point. It is easy to fault every occurrence in life as portion of a expansive program. That everything is destined and fated. But if it is. so why is at that place free will? It could non simply be some fast one to adult male to believe that he has control over the events in life. Changeless nisus to be better is what makes the universe go unit of ammunition. The find of unknown topographic points and chartless Waterss are the merchandise of motive and will of work forces. In kernel. man’s free will is the ground. All the effects of one’s actions are due to one’s interactions. Candide’s optimism. naivete and artlessness may hold drawn its beginning from Mademoiselle Cunegonde. She’s beautiful and charming and guileless. To Candide. she’s the one ground to stay living despite all the wretchednesss of the universe. In some ways. she had besides been the ground why in the ulterior portion of the novel. Candide encountered many unfortunate events. He even left the Utopian universe of El Dorado merely to be with his darling Cunegonde. Cunegonde symbolizes Candide’s optimism. In the novel. Voltaire besides portrays the human being’s love of life. The old adult female was acknowledged as the individual who encountered the most unfortunate wretchednesss. However. in malice of all that. she’s admits that she still loves life and neer would she hold killed herself. The â€Å"All for the best† construct was eventually refuted and rejected by Candide. In the novel. Pangloss said to Candide â€Å"All events are linked up in this best of all possible universes ; for. if you had non been expelled from the baronial palace by difficult boots in your rear for love of Mademoiselle Cunegonde. if you had non been clapped into the Inquisition. if you had non wandered about America on pes. if you had non stuck your blade in the Baron. if you had non lost all your sheep from the land of El Dorado. you would non be eating sugar-coated citrons and Pistacia veras here† . Upon which Candide replied. â€Å"Tis good said. but we must cultivate our gardens† . ( Voltaire. 1949 ) This shows that nil happens without a ground. Many times in the novel. cause and consequence was mentioned. That is right ; everything that happens would hold an equal consequence. Every action has an equal reaction. Even every bit simple as turning fruits and veggies is tantamount to yearss and darks of difficult work. They did non merely as if by magic appear from the land or fallen from Eden. It’s the same with what happened to Candide and his comrades. Some events may hold been the act of God. but it is up to adult male to guarantee that everything would be all right. Mentions Rice. H. . â€Å"Fatalism† .The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy( Winter 2002 Edition ) . Edward N. Zalta ( ed. ) . URL = hypertext transfer protocol: //plato. Stanford. edu/entries/fatalism/ Voltaire ( 1949 ) .The portable Arouet( B. R. Redman. Ed. ) . Canada: McMillan.

Russian Treaty Thing essays

Russian Treaty Thing essays To most students and a good part of the rest of American society, the issues which have come to surface and shed blood over miles of terrain are intricate and internal, issues which cant be put to rest by signing a piece of paper or so called treaty. The internal structure of Russia has been weakened time and time again for the past decade and the problems and disgruntled begin to lash out as the lack of concern becomes more and more obvious. Since the recent assignation attempt, the fourth on the life of Aslan Maskhadov and the first in his capacity as President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria on July 23, 1998, combined with the vast scale of organized crime, abductions and seemingly unrestricted terrorism over the last 18 months, the unquestioned, taken for granted rights of life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness, begin to become a question of validity. For one to try and fathom the fright felt by the Chechen civilians or begin to wonder why this is happening would be i mpossible, but by taking a closer look at the parties involved in this crisis can help us to understand the issues at place. Amongst all of this horror lies the participants involved, whether a political, ethnic, interest or religious group, each has its own reasons and goals. One participant, the President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Aslan Maskhadov, has only been in office since January of 1997, but remains unbowed in his determination to restore law and order. Unfortunately, attempts on his life have been made before and will most likely be made again. If it is the case that Maskhadov is killed or removed from power, the likelihood for a civil war would grow, resulting in the ultimate consequence of which could become a catastrophe, not only for Chechnya, the North Caucasus and the independent republics of the Transcaucasus, but ultimately for Russia as a whole. A second participant, the President of Russia, has ha...

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The Sutras, Samkhya Philosophy

The Sutras, Samkhya Philosophy The Sutras are built on a foundation of Samkhya philosophy. The division into the Eight Limbs (Sanskrit Ashtanga) of Yoga is reminiscent of Buddhas Noble Eightfold Path; inclusion of Brahmaviharas (Yoga Sutra 1:33) also shows Buddhisms influence on parts of the Sutras. In the Yoga Sutras, Patanjali prescribes adherence to eight limbs or steps (the sum of which constitute Ashtanga Yoga, the title of the second chapter) to quiet ones mind and achieve kaivalya. The Yoga Sutras form the theoretical and philosophical basis of Raja Yoga, and are considered to be the most organized and complete definition of that discipline. Yoga Sutras of Patanjali is a book of 195/6 separate phrases that are designed to be easy to memorize. Because it is a work that is every bit as much a part of modern yoga as it was a part of the birth of yoga, this particular book is held in very high esteem in the yoga world. Philosophical Background There are several philosophical concepts, which were pondered over by various schools of thought around 600 B.C. to 400 A.D. in eastern region of the world. The school of Samkhya is one of those philosophical systems. Samkhya, marks the shifting of idea from Vedic monism to the concept of dualism as the primary cause of the universe. In Samkhya philosophy it distinguishing between Self (Spirit/Consciousness Purusha) and Matter/Nature (Prakrti) is of central importance to Samkhya Philosophy. Samkhya Philosophy elaborates a fundamental dualism between such aware Selves and all the phenomena that is presented to such Selves by Matter/Nature. Such phenomena of Matter/Nature includes reflections of the intellect, the faculty that makes things personal (the I-Maker/Ahamkara), the instinctual mind (manas), the capacities to perceive sense data, the capacities to act, the principles of the elements of sense perception, and the gross elements. These arise when Prakriti is in the presence of a Purusha, and they become enmeshed and entangled when there is mis-identification between Prakriti and Purusha. False confusion between the Self and what is not the Self is considered the fundamental ignorance that perpetuates bondage in this world. Liberation is sought by becoming aware of such distinctions on a very deep level of pe rsonal knowledge, so that one may eventually use the great faculty of the mind intellectual reflection (Buddhi/Mahat) without mistakenly identifying it with the Purusha, and then the effects of such entanglement will unravel and one will no longer be bound by incarnations or confused by Prakriti In Samkhya philosophy a guna is one of Prakritis three tendencies: tamas, sattva, and rajas. Guna is the tendency of the mind and not the state. For instance, sattva guna is that force which tends to bring the mind to purity but is not purity itself. Similarly rajas guna is that force which tends to bring the mind to perform some action but is not action itself. Sattva (originally being, existence, entity) has been translated to mean balance, order, or purity. This typically implies that a person with more of Sattva has a positive or even orderly state of mind. Such a person is psychologically kind, calm, alert and thoughtful. Rajas leads one to activity. This type of activity is explained by the term Yogakshem. Yogakshem is composed of two words: Yoga and Kshem. Yoga in the present context is acquiring something that one does not have. Kshem means losing something that one already has. Rajas is the force that creates desires for acquiring new things and fears for losing something that one has. These desires and fears lead one to activity. Tamas has been translated to mean too inactive, negative, lethargic, dull, or slow. It is the quality of inertia which provides coherence for all things. Mentally, it is associated with darkness, delusion, or ignorance. A tamas quality also can imply that a person has a self-destructive or entropic state of mind. That person is constantly pursuing destructive activities. Vedanta maintains that Brahman is the only Immaterial Sentient Existence; and being non-material and simple, It has to be all pervading and the only One Reality. Before everything there exists Reality as Absolute Consciousness. The Will to become many is the beginning of manifest universe. The Will evolves as Illusion: the Maya. Absolute Consciousness, Brahman, willed to become many, this is Maya. Maya is the cosmic illusion that creates ignorance and veils the vision of the Only Reality. Due to the power of Maya, the Same Oneness is perceived as manifold universe. Absolute Consciousness was never modified, is not modified, and will not be modified. This is the basis of Advaita Vedanta. Based on their experiences the seers or rishis of ancient ages came to the conclusion that the entire manifest universe is the illusory expression of One Substance -the Absolute Universal Consciousness. Samkhya with its dual philosophy is said to be the foundation of The Yogasutras and Purusa and Prakriti are a fundamental part of the text. The origin of the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali is the topic of some debate among both historians and practitioners. For instance, there are some people who credit the writing of this set of sutras to a grammarian named Patanjali. Later, though, a timeline was constructed that showed that to be unlikely. Within the yoga community, though, many say that Patanjali was actually just a compiler and that before the work was written, the Sutras were simply memorized and passed down between teacher and student. Timelines do, though, suggest this text was constructed in about the second century B.C. An objective study might well suggest that Patanjali lived within even a more tight range of 200 BC to 200 AD (or around the time of Jesus), than some common suppositions (as if he were the 2nd century BCE grammarian by the same name) or even the second or third centuries CE based on the dates of the first extant commentary (by Vyasa). ATHA YOGANUSASANAM Atha = now, Yoga = Of Yoga, Anusasanam = exposition or instruction. Now the exposition of Yoga is being made. (Patanjali Ch-1, Vs-1) The name of this text is named using Sanskrit words: yoga, is a mindset wherein you are able to gain mastery of feelings and thoughts alike. Sutra literally means thread. This thread is basically the connection between the sutras in the work. These Sutras are just combinations of words threaded together sometimes not even well formed sentences with subjects, predicates and so on. Within the space of these 196 short Sutras, the entire science of Yoga is clearly delineated: its aim, the necessary practices, the obstacles one may meet along the path, their removal, and precise descriptions of the results that will be obtained from such practices. (Sri Swami Satchidananda The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali Ch-1, Pg-1). (b) Give a brief summary of the four chapters The sutras in the text are divided into four books (chapters). Fifty one of the sutras are contained in the book called Samadhi Pada, fifty five of them are in Sadhana Pada, fifty six are also in Vibhuti Pada, and thirty four of the sutras can be found in Kaivalya Pada. Yoga Sutras Chapter 1 Concentration Samadhi Pada The book Samadhi Pada contains sutras that are most considered fundamental to yoga. It emphasizes that yoga is about discipline and that it is the ability to master your feelings and thoughts. Many of the most famous yoga sutras come from this particular book Concentration: Chapter 1 of the Yoga Sutras is entitled Samadhi Pada, which means the chapter on concentration. Chapter 1 describes yoga, witnessing five kinds of thoughts, uncoloring thoughts, the twin principles of practice and non-attachment, the stages of concentration, efforts and commitments, obstacles and solutions, and means and results of stabilizing the mind. . Yoga Sutras Chapter 2 Practice Sadhana Pada In the Sadhana Pada, there is much about practice since the Sanskrit word sadhana actually does mean practice. This chapter is where Kriya Yoga and the eight limbs of yoga first appear. These aspects reflect the idea that yoga is both selfless and spiritual. Practices: Chapter 2 of the Yoga Sutras is entitled Sadhana Pada, which means the chapter on practices. Chapter 2 outlines specific tools of attention that are used to systematically carve out, or cut away the obstacles of the inner mental shield that is blocking the light of the Self within. This includes the first 5 of the 8 rungs of yoga, known as ashtanga yoga. Yoga in the form of action (kriya yoga) has three parts: 1) Training and purifying the senses (tapas), 2) Self-study in the context of teachings (svadhyaya), 3) Devotion and letting go into the creative source from which we emerged (iswara pranidhana). (tapah svadhyaya ishvara-pranidhana kriya-yogah) Tapah = literally heat accepting the purifying aspects of painful experience, purifying action, training the senses Svadhyaya = lit ones own or self-study in the context of teachings, remembrance of sacred word or mantra Iswara = creative source, causal field, supreme Guru or teacher. Omniscient But not Omnipotent pranidhana = practicing the presence, dedication, devotion, surrender of fruits of practice, or contemplation. Kriya-yogah = yoga of practice, action, mental purification Kriya Yoga: When thinking about life and spiritual practices, it is easy then to remind yourself of this foundation by internally saying such words as, I need to train my senses, explore within, and let go of these attachments and aversions. Contained in a simple sentence like this is the outline of Kriya Yoga (that simple sentence contains tapas, svadhyaya, and ishvara pranidhana). Iswara pranidhana: The emphasis of iswara pranidhana practice is the release or surrender that is done in a sincere, dedicated, or devotional attitude. It is easy to get caught up in debates over the nature of God, Guru, creative source, and teacher. Yoga is very broad and non-sectarian, leaving it open to each individual how to perceive these realities. The more important part is that of letting go rather than holding on to the images and desires of the senses (tapas) and the personal characteristics and makeup uncovered through introspection (svadhyaya). Iswara: In the Upanishads, the word Ä ªÃƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬ ºwara is used to denote a state of collective consciousness. Thus, The Lord is not a being that sits on a high pedestal beyond the sun, moon, and stars; Iswara is actually the state of Ultimate Reality. But due to the lack of direct experience, The God has been personified and given various names and forms by religions throughout the ages. When one expands ones individual consciousness to the Universal Consciousness, it is called Self-realization, for the individual self has realized the unity of diversity, the very underlying principle, or Universal Self, beneath all forms and names. This is the fundamental difference between monism and dualism, one is essentially theistic and the other is not. Yoga Sutras Chapter 3 Progressing Vibhuti Pada The Vibhuti Pada can be translated power. The roles of the sutras in this particular book are to describe and help the yogi to achieve full awareness through yoga. It is essentially about attaining higher levels of awareness of ones self. Progressing: Chapter 3 of the Yoga Sutras is entitled Vibhuti Pada, which means the chapter on progressing. Chapter 3 starts by presenting the last 3 of the 8 rungs of yoga, which are concentration, meditation, and samadhi, collectively known as samyama. The rest of the chapter explains how samyama is used as the finer tool to remove the subtler veils of ignorance. The last three rungs of Yoga: Dharana (concentration), dhyana (meditation), and samadhi are the final three rungs of Yoga. Dharana: Concentration is the process of holding or fixing the attention of mind onto one object or place. Dhyana: Meditation is sustained concentration, whereby the attention continues to hold or repeat the same object or place. Samadhi: Samadhi is the deep absorption, wherein only the essence of that object, place, or point shines forth in the mind, as if the mind were devoid even of its own form. Stages of attention: It is attention itself, which is progressively moving inward through these few stages: Attention leads to concentration (dharana). Concentration leads to meditation (dhyana). Meditation leads to absorption (samadhi). Yoga Sutras Chapter 4 Liberation Kaivalya Pada Meaning of Kaivalya: The fourth chapter of the Yoga Sutras is entitled Kaivalya Pada. The word Kaivalya literally translates as isolation. It is usually taken to mean liberation or enlightenment. However, the way in which isolation is a quite effective term is that pure consciousness or purusha is now standing alone, separate from all of the manifestations of prakriti, including literally all of the manifestations or swirlings of all levels of the mind field. In Sutra 1.16 supreme non-attachment is mentioned as a stage beyond the many other levels of attachment. Sutra 4.32 explains how the primary elements called gunas have finished their purpose and recede in perfect equilibrium into that from which they arose. These are aspects or byproducts of the process of the isolation (kaivalya) of pure consciousness (purusha). Purusa is literally liberated from its attachment to Prakriti. The purpose of the whole of creation is to give us a context for understanding what we are and what we are not. When we understand that, then there is kaivalya, and prakrti has fulfilled its purpose. A person who experiences kaivalya sees prakrti, the material world, simply as it is, with no meaning beyond that. Kaivalya describes the effect on the personality of being in a continuous state of samadhi. This is the state of inner freedom that yoga strives for. A person in the state of kaivalya understands the world so well that he stands apart from it in the sense that he is not influenced by it, although he may well be in a position to influence the world. People in kaivalya behave like normal people, but they do not carry the burden of the world on their shoulders. They live in the world, but they are not subject to it. They are not free from sensual perception or free of the body, they have a foot in both worlds. Wherever they happen to be, they are sure of themselves. That is kaivalya. External forces have no power over a person like this, though he knows the external world very well. (c) Choose two of the following topics: Yogic concept of the mind The Kleshas Kriya Yoga Significance of Iswara The Siddhis The Yogic concept of the mind YOGAS CITTA VRTTI NIRODHAH Yogas = Yoga, Chitta = of the mind stuff, Vritti = modifications, Nirodhah = restraint. The restraint of the modifications of the mind stuff is Yoga (Patanjali Ch-1, Vs-2) In this Sutra Patanjali gives the goal of Yoga. For a keen student this one Sutra would be enough because the rest of them only explain this one. If the restraint of the mental modifications is achieved one has reached the goal of Yoga. The entire science of Yoga is based on this. Patanjali has given the definition of Yoga and at the same time the practice. If you can control the rising of the mind into ripples, you will experience Yoga (Sri Swami Satchidananda The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali Ch-1, Pg-3,4). Normally, the word Yoga is translated as union, but for a union there should be two things to unite. In this case, what is to unite with what? So here we take Yoga to mean the Yogic experience. The extraordinary experience gained by controlling the modifications of the mind itself is called Yoga (Sri Swami Satchidananda The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali Ch-1, Pg-4). There is a Sanskrit saying; Mana eva manushyanam karanam bandha mokshayoho. As the mind, so the man; bondage; or liberation are in your mind. If you feel bound, you are bound. If you feel liberated you are liberated. Things outside neither bind nor liberate you; only your attitude toward them does that. These vrittis, or mental activities/modifications, are said to be either painful, or not painful. They are five-fold :- PRAMANA VIPARYAYA VIKALPA NIDRA SMRTAYAH Pramana = right knowledge; Viparyaya = misconception, Vikalpa = verbal delusions, Nidra = sleep, Smritayah = memory The are right knowledge, misconception, verbal delusion, sleep and memory (Patanjali Ch-I, Vs-6 ) Patanjali explains that right-knowledge can be acquired by direct perception, inference, or testimony. In other words, one can sail the ocean personally and bring back direct knowledge, or one can hear of the travels undertaken by another sailor explorer, or one can read the book written by the sailor on his return. Even right-knowledge is however limited as the original sailor still cannot know everything there is to know about the ocean he is exploring. Wrong-knowledge is likened to the delusion we experience when we see something and believe it to be something else, such as a snake in the dark which proves to be nothing but a rope when seen in daylight. Imagination is perception which is coloured by fanciful thoughts or dreams. The dreaming phase of sleep known as the REM phase is littered with random thought patterns, but even the deep-sleep stage, which leaves no conscious trace in the mind, is actually a stage of thought. The sleeper knows nothing, but knows that he knew nothing on waking. All extraneous thought is temporarily suspended and only the thought of emptiness remains to leave an impression on waking. Memory is the process of remembering past experience. Each memory is first processed to make it palatable, and then filed for future reference, leaving an impression in the mind. These impressions can either remain on the surface of the mind and be recalled at will, or sink to the bottom where they take root. Patanjali describes the restless mind as outgoing (paranga cetana) and the quiet inward-turned mind as (pratyak cetana) I.29. When the mind focuses on external influences the Self appears to assume the forms and images projected by the mind. When the vritti activities are quietened through sensory withdrawal, concentration, and meditation, man is said to rest in his true nature. Patanjali gives us two tools which will help us control the mind abhyasa or regular, sustained practice, and vairagya, a process of detachment from objects of desire, which is attained as a direct result of abhyasa. Patanjali likens both states of mind to a mirror. When the mirror is dusty or smeared, it reflects a distorted image of whatever it reflects. When the mirror is cleaned the image is reflected without distortion, shining in its own essence samadhi. Patanjali concludes by saying that success in Yoga depends on the strength of our desire for enlightenment, and the amount of effort we are prepared to put into our practice. The Siddhis KAYEDRIYA SIDDHIR ASUDDHI KSAYAT TAPASAH Kaya = body, Indriya = senses, Siddhi = occult powers, Asuddhi = impurities, kshayat = due to destruction, Tapasah = austerities. By austerity, impurities of the body and senses are destroyed and occult powers gained. (Patanjali Ch-2, Vs-43) Siddhi is a Sanskrit word that literally means accomplishment, attainment, or success. It is also used as a term for spiritual power (or psychic ability). The term is used in that sense in Hinduism and Tantric Buddhism. These spiritual powers supposedly vary from relatively simple forms of clairvoyance to being able to levitate, to be present at various places at once, to become as small as an atom, to materialize objects, to have access to memories from past lives, and more. There are many perspectives of attaining Siddhis. One school of thought states that they are a normal set of occurrences that should not be focused upon because they will pull one from the path. Other perspectives hold that each siddhi should be pursued because it will allow one to understand the power of the Godhead. Siddhis may occur in many ways: naturally though the agency of karma, as a result of extended practice (sadhana), through rigorous austerities (tapasya) or by grace. They are often mentioned in conjunction with Riddhi (pl Riddhis), which means material or worldly wealth, power, luxurious lifestyles, etc. TRAYAM EKATRA SAMYAMAH Trayam = the three; Ekatra = upon one object; samyama = the practice of dharana, dhyana and samadhi. The practice of these three (dharana, dhyana and samadhi)upon one object is called samyama. (Patanjali Ch-3, Vs-4) From the practice of samyama, come the siddhis. You dive deeply into an object or idea, and it releases its secrets. In a way, scientists have done samyama on the atomic particles. The particles released their energy, and the scientists got the knowledge of them. They accomplished the truth behind the particles. Samyama is usually done on objects or ideas connected with results. When the results come, you call them siddhis or vibhuti. (Patanjali Ch-3, Pg-177). TAD VAIRAGYAD API DOSA BIJA KSAYE KAIVALYAM Tad = that; Vairagyat = by non attachment; Api = even; Dosha bija = seed of bondage; Kshaye = destroyed; Kaivalyam = independence. By non attachment even to that (all these siddhis), the seed of bondage is destroyed and thus follows Kaivalya (Independence) (Patanjali Ch-3, Vs-51) This means that all those siddhis are beautiful, but they will bind us, because siddhis are the outcome of the mind. The mind wants something. It wants to achieve this or that. What for? To be proud of itself, It develops ego, It makes your I and mine bigger, Selfish desires are still there. So are the siddhis bad? If so why are they there? I say they are not bad. They are beautiful; they are good. When? They come to you. When you run after them they are bad. Thats all the difference. Let the siddhis come and beg. Dont become a slave or attached to siddhis let them come to you and be used as tools (Sri Swami Satchidananda The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali Ch-3, Pg-199,200). Nine main Siddhis Parkaya Pravesha: Parkaya Pravesh means ones soul entering into the body of some other person. Through this knowledge even a dead body can be brought to life. Haadi Vidya: This Vidya or knowledge has been mentioned in several ancient texts. On acquiring this Vidya, a person feels neither hunger nor thirst, and can remain without eating food or drinking water for several days at a stretch. Kaadi Vidya: Just as one does not feel hungry or thirsty in Haadi Vidya, similarly in Kaadi Vidya a person is not affected by change of seasons, i.e. by summer, winter, rain, etc. After accomplishing this Vidya, a person shall not feel cold even if he sits in the snow-laden mountains, and shall not feel hot even if he sits in the fire. Vayu Gaman Siddhi: Through this Siddhi a person can become capable of flying in the skies and traveling from one place to another in just a few seconds. Madalasa Vidya: On accomplishing this Vidya, a person becomes capable of increasing or decreasing the size of his body according to his wish. Lord Hanuman had miniaturized his body through this Vidya while entering the city of Lanka. Kanakdhara Siddhi: One can acquire immense and unlimited wealth through this Siddhi. Prakya Sadhana: Through this Sadhana a Yogi can direct his disciple to take birth from the womb of a woman who is childless or cannot bear children. Surya Vigyan: This solar science is one of the most significant sciences of ancient India. This science has been known only to the Indian Yogis; using it, one substance can be transformed into another through the medium of sun rays. Mrit Sanjeevani Vidya: This Vidya was created by Guru Shukracharya. Through it, even a dead person can be brought back to life. I recognise some of these Siddhis from the Shaman rituals that are carried out, for example the native americans used rituals/dances and trances to empthise and take on the characteristics and power of wolves and eagles, wearing feathers and or wolf hide etc. to help invoke the powers. (d) List the yamas and niyamas and give a brief translation of their names. Do you feel they are rules to be observed? Or are they the result of sustained practice of yoga? Yamas: There are many interpretations of and opinions about the yamas and niyamas. While the ancient Indian text, the Bhagavata Purana assigns 12 yogic restraints the Parashar Smriti, another text, puts forward ten. But the yamas as described in Patanjalis Yoga Sutras there are only five, which are also known as the great universal vows or the sarvabhauma maha vratas, because they are not limited by either class, creed, time or circumstances. They are the guidelines for how we interact with the outer world, the social disciplines to guide us in our relationships with others. These five are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ahimsa (non-violence), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Satya (truthfulness), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Asteya (non-stealing), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Brahmacharya (celibacy) and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Aparigraha (non-covetousness) Niyamas: The niyamas are the second constituents of Ashtanga Yoga. How we interact with ourselves, our internal world. The niyamas are about self-regulation-helping us maintain a positive environment in which to grow. Their practice harnesses the energy generated from the cultivation of the earlier yamas. According to sage Yajnavalkya, there are ten niyamas and the Bhagavad Gita lists 11 constituents. But Patanjali names only five: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Shaucha or purity, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Santosha or contentment, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Tapa or austerity, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Swadhyaya or self-education and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ishwar-Pranidhan or meditation on the Divine The Benefits of Practicing Yamas and Niyamas: The yamas and niyamas help in managing our energy in an integrative manner, complementing our outer life to our inner development. They help us view ourselves with compassion and awareness. They help in respecting the values of this life, in balancing our inner growth with outer restraint. In short they help us to lead a conscious-life. Yamas and niyamas are not about right and wrong. They are about being honest with the true Self. Living according to these principles are about living our lives in a better way, about moving towards an understanding, about making it possible to connect with the Divine. (e) Define the terms dharana, dhyana and samadhi. Briefly summarise the differences between them. The last three rungs of Yoga: Dharana (concentration), dhyana (meditation), and samadhi are the final three rungs of Yoga. Dharana: Concentration is the process of holding or fixing the attention of mind onto one object or place. DESABANDHAS CITTASYA DHARANA Desabandhah = binding to one place; chittasya = of the mind ; dharana = concentration. Dharana is the binding of the mind to one place, object or idea. (Patanjali Ch-3, Vs-1). Dhyana: Meditation is sustained concentration, whereby the attention continues to hold or repeat the same object or place. TATRA PRATYAYAIKATANATA DHYANAM Tatra = therein; Pratyaya = flow of cognition; Ekatanata = continued; Dhyanam = meditation. Dhyana is the continuous flow of cognition toward that object. (Patanjali Ch-3, Vs-2). Samadhi: Samadhi is the deep absorption, wherein only the essence of that object, place, or point shines forth in the mind, as if the mind were devoid even of its own form. TAD EVARTHMATRA NIRBHASAM SVARUPA SUNYAM IVA SAMADHIH Tad eva = that (meditation) itself; Arthamatra = the object alone; Nirbhasam = shining; Svarupa = of its own form; Sunyam = devoid of; Iva = as if samadhih = contemplation. Samadhih is the same meditation when there is the shinig of the object alone, as if devoid of form. (Patanjali Ch-3, Vs-3). The differences between Dharana, Meditation and Samadhi are subtle but profound, in my view they are more complimentary than different, they are like a two dimensional jigsaw, when joined up becomes three-dimensional. In Dharana you are training the mind. It is the beginning of meditation. Concentration is the beginning of meditation. Normally, we see our mind running here and there. When we try to fix it on one thing, within a fraction of a second we see it somewhere else, keeping it fixed on one thing is concentration. Meditation is the culmination of concentration, continuous flow; it is like pouring oil from one pot into another. The mind is fixed; communication between meditator and object is steady. Time and space has no meaning in meditation; when you feel five minutes as an hour, you are not meditating; you are still concentrating, whereas when an hour feels like five minutes that is meditation. Meditation culminates in the state of Samadhih. One cant consciously practice Samadhih. In Samadhih there is neither the object nor the meditator. There is no feeling of I am meditating on that.

The Historical Significance of Puerto Rico Essay -- History Puerto Ric

The Historical Significance of Puerto Rico For most of its history, Puerto Rico has been controlled by an outside power, and its people oppressed. While Puerto Rico is currently a U.S. territory, Spanish colonialism has had a significant impact on the island’s development and identity. The history of the island itself is proof of this fact, demonstrating each step Puerto Rico took to reach its current state. By examining the stages of Spanish control that Puerto Rico experienced, we can determine how each stage affected the structure and identity of Puerto Rico. Before Spain invaded Puerto Rico, the native population known as the Taino inhabited it. At the beginning of the 1500’s, the Taino were conquered by the Spanish and, after a series of revolution attempts, virtually disappeared from Puerto Rican life. Those that were left fled to the interior of the island, which was, at that time, uninhabited. This part of the island became a refuge for the people who had fled from the approaching Spanish conquerors. This was the first stage in Puerto Rico’s development. Spain was the most dominant oppressor of Puerto Rico, and its occupation of the island resulted in many social and economic changes. The native people were marginalized, and Spain took over Puerto Rico in order to turn it into a productive colony. In addition to this, the presence of the Spaniards in Puerto Rico added a different ethnic group to the island’s native population. When the official slave trade began in 1518, African slaves were added to Puerto Ricoâ €™s mixed ethnic heritage. (Figueroa 9/22) According to "A Bicentennial Without a Puerto Rican Colony", Unlike the United States, in Puerto Rico the different races mixed and intermingled to create the moder... ...ed Bergad, Laird. "The Coffee Boom, 1885-1897," from: Bergad, Coffee and Agrarian Capitalism in Nineteenth-Century Puerto Rico (Princeton: Princeton U Press, 1983), 145-203 Cruz, Jose. "Puerto Rican Independence-then and now". http://www.hartford-hwp.com/cp-usa/archives/95-09-23-2.html Scarano, Francisco, "Sugar and Slavery in Puerto Rico, 1815-1849: An Overview," from Scarano, Sugar and Slavery in Puerto Rico: The Plantation Economy of Ponce, 1800-1850 (Madison: U of Wisconsin Press, 1984), 3-34 Thomas, Piri. "A Bicentennial Without a Puerto Rican Colony". http://www.cheverote.com/texts/bicentennial.html Valle Antiles, Francisco del, "The Spiritual Life of the Jibaro, " from: Iris M. Zavala and Rafael Rodrigues (eds.) The Intellectual Roots of Independence, An Anthology of Puerto Rican Political Essays (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1980), 95-103

The Many Uses of Baking Soda

The Many Uses of Baking Soda – Informative Speech 1 The Many Uses of Baking Soda General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: The audience will learn about baking soda, the many different ways that it can be used to promote their health, cleaning uses around the home, cooking, in the home uses, and enhancing beauty. Thesis: Baking soda is very low cost, effective alternative to cleaning around the home, promoting health, and enhancing beauty. Introduction I)Fellow classmates, what if I told you that what I have in this small box has been used to promote health, used in cooking, great for cleaning, and enhancing beauty since the 1700’s. Additionally, what if I told you that it only cost about a $1. 00, and is used in two out of every three homes in America. However, most people don’t realize all of the great uses that baking soda has. Well, I am going to tell you just how powerful this stuff actually is. II)With the uncertain state of our country’s economy today, saving a few cents or a few dollars is what a lot of us are doing. Baking soda, for about a dollar, will let you save on a product with so many uses that you may be surprised by some of them. III)Many of you may already have a box of baking soda in your home that you use now and again, though you may not have yet realized that this product is far more powerful than it appears to be. I have done a substantial amount of research on the benefits of baking soda, and found that it is a low cost box of wonder. IV)According to Tip King, author of â€Å"Resourceful and Ingenious uses of Baking Soda†, â€Å"You will find that there are so many tips and ideas on the many uses of baking soda that you will be able to save dollars, yes count them, dollars, each and every week in your home†. Transition: First I will tell you just some of the things that baking soda can clean. ) Body I. â€Å"According to the web site â€Å"Life Hackery†, baking soda can clean and remove odors from a multitude of things inside and outside of your home. † (75 Extraordinary Uses for Baking Soda, 2008) A. Baking soda is very effective in the kitchen. 1. Clean the fridge with it. 2. Run your coffee maker with a baking soda solution, then rinse, for a clean free-flowing coffee maker. 3. Wash your fruits and vegetables with it. 4. Remove grease from pots and pans. . A combination of baking soda and vinegar will break down fatty acids into soap and glycerin, allowing the clog to wash down the drain. B. It can also be used for general cleaning. 1. Boost your laundry detergent’s cleaning power by adding a cup to the wash. Combine with water to make a paste for polishing stainless and chrome. 2. Clean garbage cans. 3. Clean retainers and dentures. 4. Soak brushes and combs in a baking soda solution. 5. Wipe your windshield with it to repel rain. C. Baking soda removes odors. 1. Put an open box of baking soda in the refrigerators to remover odors. 2. Sprinkle it in shoes, boots, or slippers to eliminate foul odors. 3. Suck it in with your vacuum cleaner to remove the odor. 4. Sprinkle it in your cats litter box to absorb bad odor. D. You can do all of your cleaning and deodorizing with a cup or less of this little white powder called â€Å"baking soda†. (Transition: Now that I have discussed many of the ways that you can use baking soda to clean and odor-free your home, let us take a look at how baking soda can be used in promoting ones health. II. There are many health benefits that can be attributed to baking soda. I found just a few at howstuffworks. com. (Uses for Baking Soda: Health and Beauty) 1. Use it as a mouthwash to freshen your breath. 2. Apply it to rashes, insect bites, and poison ivy. 3. Relieve a canker sore by using it as a mouthwash. 4. Heartburn? Take a teaspoon of baking soda mixed with one-half glass of water. (Transition: Since we have talked about many of the ways you can use baking soda to promote your health, let us talk about ways that baking soda can be used to enhance your beauty. ) III. Baking soda is one of the few products on the market for cleaning your teeth or settling an upset stomach. While we have many more choices today, baking soda still does the trick for dozens of health and beauty tasks. 1. 1 tsp baking soda mixed with 1/4 tsp hydrogen peroxide. Mix into paste Treat cold sores by dabbing with baking soda. 2. Rub a baking-soda paste onto your elbows to smooth away rough skin. 3. Soak tired feet in a basin of warm water with 3 tablespoons baking soda. 4. Blackhead Remover Recipe: 50/50 Baking Soda & Water. Use gently on your skin to exfoliate. 11 Easy Food Facials – Homemade Recipes, 2007) (Transition: The lists of uses for this wonderfully versatile product are longer than my allotted time; I’ve told you only a few. Perhaps I’ve sparked your curiosity enough that you’ll look at that little yellow box a bit differently. Conclusion I. Found in superstores, grocery stores, and small markets all across the world, baking soda is ve ry effective in it’s multitude of uses which can help and enhance your life. II. For about a buck, you can go out and buy yourself a box of baking soda and begin reaping all of the benefits of this great product. It will be a dollar well spent. Bibliography 11 Easy Food Facials – Homemade Recipes. (2007, May 3). Retrieved March 8, 2010, from Tipnut: http://tipnut. com/11-easy-food-facials-homemade-recipes/ 75 Extraordinary Uses for Baking Soda. (2008). Retrieved March 5, 2010, from Life Hackery: http://lifehackery. com/2008/07/22/home-4/ Uses for Baking Soda: Health and Beauty. (n. d. ). Retrieved March 5, 2010, from How Stuff Works: http://health. howstuffworks. com/uses-for-baking-soda-health-and-beauty-ga. htm

The Latino / A Community - 927 Words

Individual Reflection For our group project, the five of us worked together to understand and analyze the Latino/a community which exists within the West Colfax neighborhood in Denver, Colorado. In order to conduct this analysis and create our recommendations, we came together as an organization and sought to understand the Latino/a culture through a community practice lens. To understand our organization, I will reflect upon our work through a critical theory for community change lens to help understand how we approached our work, a group story-telling modality to create an idea of the type of change we would seek to effect with our information, and a power cube analysis to understand the dynamics of power within our organization. According to Hardcastle and Powers (2004); â€Å"Critical theory focuses on dominating institutions and how the system works, on large-scale capitalistic structures and how they intersect with local environments† (pg. 47). 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